Lebanon, l982-84
- reagan
After the 1982 Israeli occupation of Lebanon, U.S. Marines were deployed in a neutral "peacekeeping" operation. They instead took the side of Lebanon's pro-Israel Christian government against Muslim rebels, and U.S. Navy ships rained enormous shells on Muslim civilian villages. Embittered Shi'ite Muslim rebels responded with a suicide bomb attack on Marine barracks, and for years seized U.S. hostages in the country. In retaliation, the CIA set off car bombs to assassinate Shi'ite Muslim leaders. Syria and the Muslim rebels emerged victorious in Lebanon.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombing
In the attack on the American barracks, the death toll was 241 American servicemen: 220 Marines, 18 Navy personnel and 3 Army soldiers. Sixty Americans were injured. In the attack on the French barracks, 58 paratroopers were killed and 15 injured, in the single worst military loss for the French since the end of the Algerian war. In addition, the elderly Lebanese custodian of the Marines' building was killed in the first blast. The wife and four children of a Lebanese janitor at the French building also were killed.
Grenada, l983-84
- reagan
U.S. troops also invaded the island nation of Grenada in 1983, to oust a new military regime, attacking Cuban civilian workers (even though Cuba had backed the leftist government deposed in the coup), and accidentally bombing a hospital.
http://www.historyguy.com/Grenada.html#grenadacasualties
Casualty Figures:
U.S.-- 19 dead (officially).
Grenada-- 49 dead and several hundred wounded.
Cuba-- 29 dead and over a hundred wounded.
Panama, 1989
- bush
U.S. forces invaded Panama in 1989 to oust the nationalist regime of Manuel Noriega. The U.S. accused its former ally of allowing drug-running in the country, though the drug trade actually increased after his capture. U.S. bombing raids on Panama City ignited a conflagration in a civilian neighborhood, fed by stove gas tanks. Over 2,000 Panamanians were killed in the invasion to capture one leader.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama#Casualties
The Americans lost 18 soldiers, four SEALs and two Marines killed in action (KIA) and 325 wounded (WIA). The U.S. Southern Command, at that time based on Quarry Heights in Panama, estimated the number of Panamanian military casualties at 50, lower than its original estimate of 314.
The report estimated the number of displaced civilians to be over 15,000, whereas the U.S. military provided support for only 3,000 of these
According to official Pentagon figures 516 Panamanians were killed during the invasion; an internal Army memo estimated the number at 1,000 and an Independent Commission of Inquiry on the U.S. Invasion of Panama estimated Panamanian deaths at 1,000-4,000.
Somalia, 1992-94
- bush, Clinton
the 1992 deployment in the African nation of Somalia, torn by famine and a civil war between clan warlords. Instead of remaining neutral, U.S. forces took the side of one faction against another faction, and bombed a Mogadishu neighborhood. Enraged crowds, backed by foreign Arab mercenaries, killed 18 U.S. soldiers, forcing a withdrawal from the country.
http://www.army.mil/cmh/brochures/Somalia/Somalia.htm#p26
…was doomed to failure as each subelement continued to attempt to out-jockey the others for supreme power.
…forty-two Americans died and dozens more were wounded before the United States and the United Nations capitulated to events and withdrew.
Notes:
A Briefing On The History Of US Military Interventions, Zoltán Grossman, October 2001
http://academic.evergreen.edu/g/grossmaz/interventions.html
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